Xlquiz 0.1.1 > Cache / Linux

a:3:{s:5:"title";s:8:"Linux A+";s:5:"intro";s:1039:"Why should you learn about Linux? It’s a fast-growing operating system, and it is inexpensive and flexible. Linux is also a major player in the small and mid-sized server field, and it’s an increasingly viable platform for workstation and desktop use as well. By understanding Linux, you’ll increase your standing in the job market. Even if you already know the Windows or Mac Operating System and your employer uses these systems exclusively, understanding Linux will give you an edge when you are looking for a new job or if you are looking for a promotion. For instance, this knowledge will help you to make an informed decision about if and when you should deploy Linux.

The Computing Technology Industry Association (CompTIA) has developed its Linux+ exam as an introductory certification for people who want to enter careers involving Linux. The exam is meant to certify that an individual has the skills necessary to install, operate, and troubleshoot a Linux system and is familiar with Linux-specific concepts and basic hardware.";s:4:"data";a:30:{i:1;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:28:"Where may LILO be installed?";s:7:"comment";s:256:"A.  LILO may reside in any of the locations listed in option A. If you install it in a FAT or NTFS partition (used by DOS or Windows), these partitions will be damaged, and if you install LILO in a swap partition that is then used, LILO will be wiped out. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:58:"The MBR, a Linux partition’s boot sector, or a floppy disk";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:78:"The MBR, a Linux partition’s boot sector, or a Windows partition’s boot sector";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:68:"A Linux partition’s boot sector or a Windows partition’s boot sector";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:43:"The MBR, a floppy disk, or a swap partition";}}}i:2;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:98:"Which of the following tools is it most important to have available on an emergency recovery disk?";s:7:"comment";s:396:"C. Option C, mkfs, is a tool for creating a new filesystem, which is something you’re likely to need to do in an emergency recovery situation. The first option, fdformat, does a low-level format on a floppy disk; OpenOffice.org is an office productivity suite; and traceroute helps diagnose network connectivity problems. You’re unlikely to need to use any of these tools from an emergency disk. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:8:"fdformat";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:14:"OpenOffice.org";}i:2;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:4:"mkfs";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:10:"traceroute";}}}i:3;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:8:"checkbox";s:8:"question";s:79:"Which of the following are power-management protocols? (Choose all that apply.)";s:7:"comment";s:288:"A, D.  The Advanced Configuration Power Interface (ACPI) and Advanced Power Management (APM) are power-management protocols. The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) forms TCP/IP network links over serial or telephone lines, and the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) handles e-mail exchanges.";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:4:"ACPI";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:3:"PPP";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:4:"SMTP";}i:3;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:3:"APM";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}}}i:4;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:46:"What does the -t parameter to telinit control?";s:7:"comment";s:489:"A.  When shutting down certain servers, telinit first tries asking them to shut themselves down by sending a SIGTERM signal. The server can then close open files and perform other necessary shutdown housekeeping. If the servers don’t respond to this signal, telinit becomes more forceful and passes a SIGKILL signal, which is more likely to work but doesn’t give the server a chance to shut itself down in an orderly fashion. The -t parameter specifies the time between these two signals. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:106:"The time between a polite shutdown of unneeded servers (via SIGTERM) and a forceful shutdown (via SIGKILL)";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:89:"The time between issuing the telinit command and the time the runlevel change takes place";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:62:"The runlevel that’s to be entered on completion of the command";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:63:"The message sent to users before the runlevel change is enacted";}}}i:5;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:8:"checkbox";s:8:"question";s:134:"Which of the following programs might you want to remove on a system that’s to function solely as a firewall? (Choose all that apply.)";s:7:"comment";s:502:"B, D.  You’re unlikely to need to use a Telnet client on a firewall, but an intruder who breaks into the firewall could use it to access your internal systems. A firewall shouldn’t run any servers that aren’t absolutely required, and an Apache server is almost certainly not required. Option A, init, is the master process on a Linux system and cannot be removed without damaging the system. Likewise, the Linux kernel controls everything else; without it, the computer isn’t a Linux
computer at all. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:4:"init";}i:1;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:17:"The Telnet client";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:16:"The Linux kernel";}i:3;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:17:"The Apache server";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}}}i:6;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:78:"Which of the following is it wise to do when deleting an account with userdel?";s:7:"comment";s:585:"B.  Tracking down and removing or changing the permissions of a former user’s files can prevent confusion or possibly even spurious accusations of wrongdoing in the future. Unless the user was involved in system cracking, there’s no reason to think that the user’s password will be duplicated in the password database. No system file’s ownership or permissions should need changing when deleting a user. Although overwriting deleted files with random data may be useful in some high-security environments or with unusually sensitive data, it’s not a necessary practice on most systems.";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:79:"Ensure that the user’s password isn’t duplicated in /etc/passwd or /etc/shadow.";}i:1;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:61:"Search the computer for stray files owned by the former user.";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:84:"Change permissions on system files to prevent the user from accessing them remotely.";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:93:"Delete the user’s files with a utility that overwrites former file contents with random data.";}}}i:7;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:189:"An ls -l command reveals that the loud file has a permission string of crw-rw---- and ownership by the user root and group audio. Which of the following is a true statement about this file?";s:7:"comment";s:411:"C.  The second set of permission bits (rw-) indicates that the file’s group (audio) may read from and write to the file. This permission string ensures that, if audio has more than one member, multiple users may access the file. The leading c indicates that the file is a character device file, not a directory. The command chmod 660 loud will not change the file’s permissions; 660 is equivalent to rw-rw----. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:69:"Only root and the account that created it may read or write the file.";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:55:"The file is a directory, as indicated by the leading c.";}i:2;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:63:"Anybody in the audio group may read from and write to the file.";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:65:"The command chmod 660 loud will make it accessible to more users.";}}}i:8;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:161:"Which of the following is commonly found in /etc/inetd.conf entries for servers but not in the equivalent entries in /etc/xinetd.conf or a file in /etc/xinetd.d?";s:7:"comment";s:294:"A.  The TCP Wrappers program, tcpd, includes security features that are largely provided directly by xinetd, so most systems that use xinetd don’t call tcpd from xinetd. The other options appear in both types of files, although arguments for the server aren’t required for either super server. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:14:"A call to tcpd";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:44:"A specification of the protocol, such as tcp";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:43:"A specification of the user, such as nobody";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:43:"Arguments to be passed to the target server";}}}i:9;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:82:"Why might a script include a variable assignment like CC="/usr/bin/gcc"?";s:7:"comment";s:446:"D.  You can easily edit that line to change the program run by the $CC variable, or you can assign different values to the variable within a conditional in support of different system configurations. Specifying the program directly will as easily ensure that it’s run. Any program that can be called from a variable can be called directly. Variable assignment doesn’t allow the script to call programs for which the user lacks execute permission.";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:69:"To ensure that the script uses gcc rather than some other C compiler.";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:88:"Because some programs can’t be called from scripts except when referred to by variables.";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:97:"The variable assignment allows the script to run the program even if it lacks execute permission.";}i:3;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:102:"The variable can be easily changed or assigned different values, increasing the utility of the script.";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}}}i:10;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:91:"Which of the following symptoms is more common in kernel bugs than in application problems?";s:7:"comment";s:332:"B.  Kernel bugs often manifest themselves in the form of kernel oops messages, in which an error message including the word oops appears on the console and in log files. Although a program might conceivably trigger a kernel oops, the bug is fundamentally in the kernel. (Kernel oops messages also often indicate hardware problems.) ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:50:"Programs consume an inordinate amount of CPU time.";}i:1;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:68:"An error message containing the word oops appears in your log files.";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:67:"A program refuses to start and complains of a missing library file.";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:53:"The problem occurs for some users but not for others.";}}}i:11;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:8:"checkbox";s:8:"question";s:141:"Which of the following are potential problems when using a partition resizing utility like parted or PartitionMagic? (Choose all that apply.)";s:7:"comment";s:504:"A, D.  The biggest problem with resizers is the potential for data loss in the event of a crash or power failure during the resize operation. They also can render a system unbootable because of a moved kernel if you use LILO to boot Linux. This latter problem can be overcome by reinstalling LILO. Linux doesn’t use partition ID codes except during installation, and resizing programs don’t touch these codes. PartitionMagic and parted are two programs commonly used to resize ext2 and ext3 filesystems. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:91:"A power failure or crash during the resize operation could result in substantial data loss.";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:96:"Linux may not recognize a resized partition because resizers often change the partition ID code.";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:84:"No resizing programs exist for the most common Linux filesystems, ext2fs and ext3fs.";}i:3;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:93:"If the resizer moves the Linux kernel and you boot using LILO, you’ll need to reinstall LILO.";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}}}i:12;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:117:"In which of the following circumstances is it most appropriate to run XFree86 3.3.6 over a 4.x version of the server?";s:7:"comment";s:365:"D.  XFree86 4.x includes a new driver architecture, so some of 3.3.6’s accelerated drivers haven’t been ported to the new system. In such cases, using the old server can provide a snappier display. It’s 4.x that provides support for multiple monitors. The presence of a separate accelerated driver in 3.3.6 does not necessarily mean that the 4.x support is slower. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:65:"Never, since XFree86 4.0.x does everything 3.3.6 does, and better";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:88:"When you need support for multiple simultaneous monitors to display an oversized desktop";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:63:"When 3.3.6 includes a separate accelerated server for your card";}i:3;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:88:"When 4.x provides unaccelerated support for your chipset but 3.3.6 provides acceleration";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}}}i:13;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:118:"You want to set up a firewall on a Linux computer. Which of the following tools might you use to accomplish this task?";s:7:"comment";s:370:"B.  Option B, iptables, is a tool for configuring the 2.4.x and 2.6.x Linux kernel’s firewall features. (The ipfwadm and ipchains programs perform these tasks for the 2.0.x and 2.2.x kernels, respectively.) Apache is a Web server, and wall sends messages to all currently logged-on users. TCP Wrappers controls access to specific servers, but it isn’t a firewall per se.";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:6:"Apache";}i:1;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:8:"iptables";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:4:"wall";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:12:"TCP Wrappers";}}}i:14;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:92:"Which of the following is the intended purpose of the rc.local or boot.local startup script?";s:7:"comment";s:268:"B.  These scripts hold startup commands individualized for their host (“local”) computer, as opposed to those that are provided with the distribution. In principle, these scripts could be used for any of the other listed purposes, but this isn’t their usual function. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:53:"It sets the system’s time zone and language defaults.";}i:1;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:60:"It holds startup commands created for its specific computer.";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:49:"It displays startup messages to aid in debugging.";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:67:"It verifies that all other startup scripts are operating correctly.";}}}i:15;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:90:"Which of the following is a protocol that can help automate configuration of SCSI devices?";s:7:"comment";s:495:"A.  The SCSI Configured Automatically (SCAM) protocol, if supported by the host adapter and SCSI devices connected to it, auto-configures those devices. The Server Message Block (SMB) is a protocol used in Windows file sharing and implemented by Samba in Linux. The Advanced SCSI Programming Interface (ASPI) is a method common in DOS and Windows for programs that interface with SCSI devices. The Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface (ATAPI) is a protocol used by many EIDE devices. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:4:"SCAM";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:3:"SMB";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:4:"ASPI";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:5:"ATAPI";}}}i:16;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:101:"Which of the following is an advantage of installing LILO in a primary Linux partition’s boot sector?";s:7:"comment";s:449:"C.  When installed in the MBR, LILO is susceptible to being completely wiped out by other OSs’ installation routines. Installing LILO in a primary Linux partition’s boot sector eliminates this risk, making recovery easier. LILO’s ability to boot from beyond the 1024-cylinder mark or to boot multiple OSs is identical no matter where it’s installed. Likewise, LILO can boot multiple OSs without the use of LOADLIN no matter where LILO is installed. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:63:"LILO can then boot a kernel from beyond the 1024-cylinder mark.";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:67:"LILO can then redirect the boot process to other OSs’ boot sectors.";}i:2;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:104:"The DOS or Windows FDISK utility can be used to reset LILO as the boot loader if the MBR is overwritten.";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:67:"LILO can work in conjunction with LOADLIN to boot multiple kernels.";}}}i:17;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:87:"Which of the following commands is most likely to stop a runaway process with PID 2939?";s:7:"comment";s:393:"C.  Many servers use SIGHUP as a code to reread their configuration files; this signal doesn’t normally terminate the process. SIGTERM is a polite way to stop a process; it lets the process control its own shutdown, including closing open files. SIGKILL is a more forceful method of termination; it’s more likely to work than SIGTERM, but open files won’t be saved. There is no SIGDIE signal. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:19:"kill -s SIGHUP 2939";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:20:"kill -s SIGTERM 2939";}i:2;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:20:"kill -s SIGKILL 2939";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:19:"kill -s SIGDIE 2939";}}}i:18;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:65:"Which of the following is not one of the responsibilities of lpd?";s:7:"comment";s:341:"C.  The multifunction tool lpd accepts print jobs from local and remote systems, maintains print queues, and sends data to printers (both local and remote). It does not, however, feed back information on a printer to applications. (The newer CUPS printer utility suite does have this capability, but it’s not implemented in the lpd utility.)";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:30:"Maintaining the printer queues";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:40:"Accepting print jobs from remote systems";}i:2;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:50:"Informing applications of a printer’s capabilities";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:24:"Sending data to printers";}}}i:19;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:105:"Which of the following commands displays the contents of a tarball, including file sizes and time stamps?";s:7:"comment";s:291:"C.  Option A extracts files from the archive without displaying their names. Option B lists the files in the archive, but without the --verbose (v) option, it doesn’t list file sizes or time stamps. Option D will cause tar to attempt to extract the named file from its standard tape device. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:28:"tar xzf theprogram-1.2.3.tgz";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:28:"tar tzf theprogram-1.2.3.tgz";}i:2;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:29:"tar tvzf theprogram-1.2.3.tgz";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:26:"tar x theprogram-1.2.3.tgz";}}}i:20;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:80:"Which of the following does an Ethernet switch allow that a hub does not permit?";s:7:"comment";s:336:"C.  Switches allow full-duplex operation and reduce the chance of collisions on a network relative to hubs. Both devices come in 100Mbps models and models supporting both fewer than and greater than five devices. Neither type of device normally supports 10-Base5 cabling; they’re both intended for use with twisted-pair network cables. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:17:"100Mbps operation";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:32:"Linking more than five computers";}i:2;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:21:"Full-duplex operation";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:25:"Use with 10-Base5 cabling";}}}i:21;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:88:"How would you direct the output of the uptime command to a file called uptime-stats.txt?";s:7:"comment";s:519:"B.  The output redirection operator is >, so option B sends the output of uptime to uptimestats.txt. The echo command displays information on the screen, so option A simply causes uptime uptime-stats.txt to appear. Option C uses a pipe. If uptime-stats.txt were a program, it would process the output of uptime, but the result of this command will probably be a file not found or permission denied error. Option D uses an input redirection operator, so uptime receives the contents of uptime-stats.txt as its input. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:28:"echo uptime uptime-stats.txt";}i:1;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:28:"uptime > uptime-stats.txt";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:25:"uptime | uptime-stats.txt";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:28:"uptime < uptime-stats.txt";}}}i:22;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:8:"checkbox";s:8:"question";s:185:"A workstation ordinarily runs with a load average of 0.25. Suddenly, its load average is 1.25. Which of the following might you suspect, given this information? (Choose all that apply.)";s:7:"comment";s:447:"A, B.  Sudden jumps in load average indicate that programs are making heavier demands on the CPU than is normal. This may be because of legitimate factors such as users running more programs or more demanding programs, or it could mean that a program has locked itself into an unproductive loop. Memory use isn’t reflected in the load average. A malfunctioning CPU is likely to manifest itself in system crashes, not a change in the load average. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:94:"The workstation’s user may be running more programs or more CPU-intensive programs than usual.";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:1;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:92:"A process may have hung—locked itself in a loop consuming CPU time but doing no useful work.";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:66:"A process may have begun consuming an inordinate amount of memory.";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:54:"The CPU may be malfunctioning and require replacement.";}}}i:23;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:177:"Your manager tells you that all user passwords on the host must be moved from the /etc/passwd file to the /etc/shadow file. Which command will allow you to accomplish this goal?";s:7:"comment";s:291:"B. The pwconv utility will move the user passwords from the /etc/passwd file to the more secure /etc/shadow file. The grpconv utility performs a similar action for group passwords, but not user passwords. There are no standard utilities named shadow or hide that will affect user passwords. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:7:"grpconv";}i:1;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:6:"pwconv";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:6:"shadow";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:4:"hide";}}}i:24;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:242:"The final step of your company’s procedures for creating a new server requires you to store information on /dev/hda’s partition table in a file named documentation.txt. Which of the following commands will allow you to accomplish this action?";s:7:"comment";s:267:"C.  The command fdisk -l /dev/hda > documentation.txt will store information on /dev/hda’s partition table in the file documentation.txt. The other utilities listed will not show the information about the partition table that you would want to record in this file.";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:35:"df  /dev/hda > documentation.txt";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:41:"parted -l /dev/hda > documentation.txt";}i:2;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:40:"fdisk -l /dev/hda > documentation.txt";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:35:"du  /dev/hda > documentation.txt";}}}i:25;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:158:"You are configuring your company firewall and have been told that TCP and UDP data to port 53 must be allowed through. By default, what server uses this port?";s:7:"comment";s:233:"D.  The Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND) server, which performs DNS name resolution, uses port 53 by default. NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) uses port 119, while PortMapper uses 111, and NetBIOS uses ports 137 through 139.";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:4:"NNTP";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:10:"PortMapper";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:7:"NetBIOS";}i:3;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:4:"BIND";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}}}i:26;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:184:"You are logged in as a regular user when the need arises to start a report with higher permissions that you presently have. Which utility allows you to execute a single command as root";s:7:"comment";s:329:"D.  The sudo utility allows you to execute a single command as root. The su utility allows you to become root (or another user) and then run any number of commands before exiting back to your normal account. The SGID and SUID bits are permission settings that can be applied to files, but are not utilities that can be executed. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:4:"sgid";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:4:"suid";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:2:"su";}i:3;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:4:"sudo";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}}}i:27;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:101:"Which of the following daemons handles traditional logging from servers and other user-mode programs?";s:7:"comment";s:304:"D. The sysklogd package actually contains two daemons: syslogd and klogd. The former handles traditional logging from servers and other user-mode programs, while the latter handles the logging of kernel messages. The init process keeps other services up and running but does not natively handle logging. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:4:"init";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:8:"sysklogd";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:7:"kyslogd";}i:3;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:7:"syslogd";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}}}i:28;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:175:"You have been told to implement a packet filtering firewall on a new Linux server. The server is running a 2.6.x kernel. Which program is the preferred tool to implement this?";s:7:"comment";s:474:"C. The iptables program is the utility that manages firewalls on recent Linux kernels (from 2.4.x through at least 2.6.x). ipchains was used for earlier kernel versions. (Although 2.4.x and 2.6.x kernels can use ipchains if they’re compiled with the appropriate support, iptables is definitely the preferred firewall program for these kernels.) Nmap is a program that looks for open ports, and Tripwire is a utility that scans a system for changes in critical system files. ";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:8:"ipchains";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:4:"Nmap";}i:2;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:8:"iptables";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:8:"Tripwire";}}}i:29;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:140:"You are working on a legacy host that uses 3DES hashing for passwords. What is the maximum length a user may make a password on this system?";s:7:"comment";s:108:"B.  The maximum length for a password hash under 3DES (Triple Data Encryption Standard) is eight characters.";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:1:"6";}i:1;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:1:"8";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:2:"10";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:2:"12";}}}i:30;a:4:{s:4:"type";s:5:"radio";s:8:"question";s:162:"You have just used the swapon command to begin using newly initialized swap space. Which file must you edit in order to make your use of this swap file permanent?";s:7:"comment";s:170:"A.  The /etc/fstab file holds the file system table. To use the swap partition permanently, you must add an entry for it to this file. The other files are all fictitious.";s:7:"variant";a:4:{i:0;a:2:{s:4:"text";s:10:"/etc/fstab";s:7:"correct";s:1:"1";}i:1;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:10:"/etc/mount";}i:2;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:9:"/etc/swap";}i:3;a:1:{s:4:"text";s:8:"/etc/tab";}}}}}